I recently read Helen Keller's 1903 essay entitled: "Optimism."
In it, I found in this most well-known 20th century American figure, a kindred spirit that I never knew existed, as it included her perspective and philosophy on the over-all goodness and possibility of our human nature, while holding the reality of our worst human suffering.
She writes:
It is a mistake always to contemplate the good and ignore the evil, because by making people neglectful it lets in disaster. There is a dangerous optimism of ignorance and indifference...
A man must understand evil and be acquainted with sorrow before he can write himself an optimist and expect others to believe that he has reason for the faith that is in him.
The essay itself is broken down into 3 parts:
Part I Optimism Within,
Part II Optimism Without, &
Part III The Practice of Optimism.
Of this, I have to say, I love the idea of a woman born in the 19th century contemplating and writing about the complex nature and interaction of both her internal world and her external world, and her own participation in both.
I think it is important to note as well, that I believe Helen Keller used the word "optimism" in a very expansive way that it was part world-view, part philosophy, part political perspective, and part religious belief that had a mystical quality to it in regards to union or communion with God.
Reading this essay, I was personally moved by the bold and progressive vision of Helen Keller for not only1903, but also for 2018--115 years later--when we live in an era of self-proclaimed Nationalism by the current President of the United States.
She writes:
Part I Optimism Within,
Part II Optimism Without, &
Part III The Practice of Optimism.
Of this, I have to say, I love the idea of a woman born in the 19th century contemplating and writing about the complex nature and interaction of both her internal world and her external world, and her own participation in both.
I think it is important to note as well, that I believe Helen Keller used the word "optimism" in a very expansive way that it was part world-view, part philosophy, part political perspective, and part religious belief that had a mystical quality to it in regards to union or communion with God.
Reading this essay, I was personally moved by the bold and progressive vision of Helen Keller for not only1903, but also for 2018--115 years later--when we live in an era of self-proclaimed Nationalism by the current President of the United States.
She writes:
Out of the fierce struggle and turmoil of contending systems and powers I see a brighter spiritual era slowly emerge- an era in which there shall be no England, no France, no Germany, no America, no this people or that, but one family, the human race; one law, peace; one need, harmony; one means, labor; one taskmaster, God.
I think context is important for the essay too, because the fact that the author herself was the daughter and granddaughter of a Confederate soldiers who was born and raised on a southern plantation, added to my appreciation as it challenged my own residual stereotypes of what I might associate with that particular American cultural background.
Plus, and this is just a bonus for me, Helen Keller references the great 19th century American figure Ralph Waldo Emerson several times in her essay which only added to my joyous connection with her because this was not the Helen Keller I once knew.
Plus, and this is just a bonus for me, Helen Keller references the great 19th century American figure Ralph Waldo Emerson several times in her essay which only added to my joyous connection with her because this was not the Helen Keller I once knew.
Growing up in the United States, almost all children are introduced to the near mythical story of Helen Keller by the 3rd grade.
The story of an American girl born in Alabama in 1880 who became deaf and blind at the age of 19 months, but then went on to be a prominent and powerful progressive the world over in the fight for justice and equality for women, laborers, and of course people with disabilities.
But very unfortunately, for most kids in the United States, including myself, Helen Keller's story peaks and then fades out at the near beginning of her amazing life when she had her most famous communication breakthrough in 1887 when her teacher, Anne Sullivan, taught her the name for "water" while running cool water over young Helen's hand.
Of course at the time of her publication of "Optimism" in 1903, Helen Keller was still only 23 years-old, and would ultimately go on to be the first deaf-blind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts college degree, publish a total of 12 books and multiple articles, co-found the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), and be awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
But before all of these incredible accomplishments and accolades, Helen Keller wrote this brief essay, which to me was not just an encounter with: "Helen Keller" the "mythical figure," but more so in this piece: "Helen Keller" the "spiritual human soul."
Part I: Optimism Within
Most people measure their happiness in terms of physical pleasures and material possession. Could they win some visible goal which they have set on the horizon, how happy they would be! Lacking this gift or that circumstance, they would be miserable. If happiness is to be so measured, I who cannot hear or see have every reason to sit in a corner with folded hands and weep. If I am happy in spite of my deprivations, if my happiness is so deep that it is a faith, so thoughtful that it becomes a philosophy of life- if, in short, I am an optimist, my testimony to the creed of optimism is worth hearing.
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Darkness cannot shut me in again. I have had a glimpse of the shore, and can now live by the hope of reaching it.
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A poet once said I must be happy because I did not see the bare, cold present, but lived in a beautiful dream. I do live in a beautiful dream; but that dream is the actual, the present,- not cold, but warm; not bare, but furnished with a thousand blessings. The very evil which the poet supposed would be a cruel disillusionment is necessary to the fullest knowledge of joy. Only by contact with evil could I have learned to feel by contrast the beauty of truth and love and goodness.
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I distrust the rash optimism in this country that cries, 'Hurrah, we're all right! This is the greatest nation on earth,' when there are grievances that call loudly for redress. That is false optimism.
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I know what evil is. Once or twice I have wrestled with it, and for a time felt its chilling touch on my life; so I speak with knowledge when I say that evil is of no consequence, except as a sort of mental gymnastic. For the very reason that I have come in contact with it, I am more truly an optimist. I can say with conviction that the struggle which evil necessitates is one of the greatest blessings. It makes us strong, patient, helpful men and women. It lets us into the soul of things and teaches us that although the world is full of suffering, it is full also of the overcoming of it. My optimism, then, does not rest on the absence of evil, but on the glad belief in the preponderance of good and a willing effort always to cooperate with the good, that it may prevail.
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I try to increase the power God has given me to see the best in everything and every one, and make that Best a part of my life.
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The world is sown with good; but unless I turn my glad thoughts into practical living and till my own field, I cannot reap a kernel of the good.
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I am never discouraged by absence of good. I never can be argued into hopelessness. Doubt and mistrust are the mere panic of timid imagination, which the steadfast heart will conquer, and the large mind transcend.
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My share in the work of the world may be limited; but the fact that it is work makes it precious. Nay, the desire and will to work is optimism itself.
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I long to accomplish a great and noble task; but it is my chief duty and joy to accomplish humble tasks as though they were great and noble.
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[John Richard] Green, the historian, tells us that the world is moved along, not only by the mighty shoves of its heroes, but also by the aggregate of the tiny pushes of each honest worker; and that thought alone suffices to guide me in this dark world and wide. I love the good that others do; for their activity is an assurance that whether I can help or not, the true and the good will stand sure.
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I recognize the beneficence of the power which we all worship as supreme- Order, Fate, the Great Spirit, Nature, God. I recognize this power in the sun that makes all things grow and keeps life afoot. I make a friend of this indefinable force, and straightway I feel glad, brave and ready for any lot Heaven may decree for me. This is my religion of optimism.
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Part II: Optimism Without
Part II: Optimism Without
A deaf-blind person ought to find special meaning in Plato's Ideal World. These things which you see and hear and touch are not the reality of realities, but imperfect manifestations of the Idea, the Principle, the Spiritual; the Idea is the truth, the rest is delusion.
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Philosophy gives to the mind the prerogative of seeing truth, and bears us into a realm where I, who am blind, am not different from you who see.
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The meaning of philosophy to me is not only in its principles, but also in the happy isolation of its great expounders...Sitting alone, but not in darkness, they learned to find everything in themselves, and failing to find it even there, they still trusted in meeting the truth face to face when they should leave the earth behind and become partakers in the wisdom of God. The great mystics lived alone, deaf and blind, but dwelling with God.
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Deep, solemn optimism, it seems to me, should spring from this firm belief in the presence of God in the individual; not a remote, unapproachable governor of the universe, but a God who is very near every one of us, who is present not only in earth, sea and sky, but also in every pure and noble impulse of our hearts, 'the source and centre of all minds, their only point of rest.'
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Though with my hand I grasp only a small part of the universe, with my spirit I see the whole, and in my thought I can compass the beneficent laws by which it is governed. The confidence and trust which these conceptions inspire teach me to rest safe in my life as in a fate, and protect me from spectral doubts and fears. Verily, blessed are ye that have not seen, and yet have believed.
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All the world's great philosophers have been lovers of God and believers in man's inner goodness. To know the history of philosophy is to know that the highest thinkers of the ages, the seers of the tribes and the nations, have been optimists.
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The growth of philosophy is the story of man's spiritual life.
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In the world within and the world without I see a wonderful correspondence, a glorious symbolism which reveals the human and the divine communing together, the lessen of philosophy repeated in fact. In all the parts that compose the history of mankind hides the spirit of good, and gives meaning to the whole.
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...Progress of evolution is not an interrupted march.
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The student of to-day is not asked if he has learned his grammar. Is he a mere grammar-machine, a dry catalogue of scientific facts, or has he acquired the qualities of manliness? His supreme lesson is to grapple with great public questions, to keep his mind hospitable to new ideas and new views of truth, to restore the finer ideals that are lost sight of in the struggle for wealth and to promote justice between man and man.
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Do you wonder that I am full of hope and lifted up?
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The highest result of education is tolerance. Long ago men fought nd died for their faith; but it took ages to teach them the other kind of courage,- the courage to recognize the faiths of their brethren and their rights of conscience. Tolerance is the first principle in community.
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No loss by flood and lightning, no destruction of cities nd temples by the hostile forces of nature, has deprived man of so many noble lives and impulses as those which his intolerance has destroyed.
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With wonder and sorrow I go back in thought to the ages of intolerance and bigotry.
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I see the clouds part slowly, and I hear a cry of protest against the bigot. The restraining hand of tolerance is laid upon the inquisitor, and the humanist utters a message of peace to the persecuted.
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The centenary celebrations of the births of Emerson and Channing are beautiful examples of the tribute which men of all creeds pay to the memory of a pure soul.
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Thus in my outlook upon our times I find that I am glad to be a citizen of the world, and as I regard my country, I find that to be an American is to be an optimist.
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...The best intelligence of the people sometimes fails to express itself.
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I rejoice to see in the world and in this country a new and better patriotism than that which seeks the life of an enemy. It is a patriotism higher than that of the battle-field.
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Part III: The Practice of Optimism
Part III: The Practice of Optimism
If it be true that optimism compels the world forward, and pessimism retards it, then it is dangerous to propagate a pessimistic philosophy.
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If I regarded my life from the point of view of the pessimist, I should be undone.
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But since I consider it a duty to myself and to others to be happy, I escape a misery worse than any physical deprivation.
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Who shall dare let his incapacity for hope or goodness cast a shadow upon the courage of those who bear their burdens as if they were privileges?
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He [the optimist] will take the iron claws of circumstance in his hand and use them as tools to break away the obstacles that block his path.
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Behold what the optimist does. He controverts a hard legal axiom; he looks behind the dull impassive clay and sees a human soul in bondage, and quietly, resolutely sets about its deliverance.
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No pessimist ever discovered the secrets of the stars, or sailed to an uncharted land, or opened a new heaven to the human spirit.
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Thus the optimist believes, attempts, achieves. He stands always in the sunlight. Some day the wonderful, the inexpressible, arrives and shines upon him, and he is there to welcome it. His soul meets his own and beats a glad march to every new discovery, every fresh victory over difficulties, every addition to human knowledge and happiness.
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Discord is, that harmony may be; pain destroys, that health may renew; perhaps I am deaf and blind that others likewise afflicted may see and hear with a more perfect sense!
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Life up you burden, it is God's gift, bear it nobly.
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I remember an hour when I was discouraged and ready to falter. For days I had been begging away at a task which refused to get itself accomplished. In the midst of perplexity I read an essay...I tried again with new courage and succeeded almost before I knew it. I have failed many times since.
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Every optimist moves along with progress and hastens it, while every pessimist would keep the world at a standstill. The consequence of pessimism in the life of a nation is the same as in the life of the individual. Pessimism kills the instinct that urges men to struggle against poverty, ignorance and crime, and dries up all the fountains of joy in the world.
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If I had been born in the midst of these fatalistic doctrines, I should still be in darkness, my life a desertland where no caravan of thought might pass between my spirit and the world beyond.
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Optimism is a faith that leads to achievement; nothing can be done without hope.
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But the world turns its back on a hopeless prophet and listens to Emerson who takes into account the best qualities of the nation and attacks only the vices which no one can defend or deny. It listens to the strong man, Lincoln, who in times of doubt, trouble and need does not falter. He sees success afar, and by strenuous hope, by hoping against hope, inspires a nation. Through the night of despair he says, 'All is well,' and thousands rest in his confidence.
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The press is the pulpit of the modern world.
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When in his [Lincoln's] rough and ready way he said, 'You can't fool all the people all the time,' he expressed a great principle, the doctrine of faith in human nature.
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His [Jesus Christ] joyous optimism is like water to feverish lips, and has for its highest expression the eight beatitudes.
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St. Paul, too, taught the faith which looks beyond the hardest things into the infinite horizon of heaven, when all limitations are lost in the light of perfect understanding.
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Jesus utters and Paul proclaims a message of peace and a message of reason, a belief in the Idea, not in things, in love, not in conquest. The optimist is he who sees that men's actions are directed not by squadrons and armies, but by moral power, that the conquests of Alexander and Napoleon are less abiding than Newton's and Galileo's and St. Augustine's silent mastery of the world.
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Although there are still great evils which have not been subdued, and the optimist is not blind to them, yet he is full of hope.
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I believe we should so act that we ma draw nearer and more near the age when no man shall live at his ease while another suffers.
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Optimism is the harmony between man's spirit and the spirit of God pronouncing His works good.
If I had been born in the midst of these fatalistic doctrines, I should still be in darkness, my life a desertland where no caravan of thought might pass between my spirit and the world beyond.
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Optimism is a faith that leads to achievement; nothing can be done without hope.
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But the world turns its back on a hopeless prophet and listens to Emerson who takes into account the best qualities of the nation and attacks only the vices which no one can defend or deny. It listens to the strong man, Lincoln, who in times of doubt, trouble and need does not falter. He sees success afar, and by strenuous hope, by hoping against hope, inspires a nation. Through the night of despair he says, 'All is well,' and thousands rest in his confidence.
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The press is the pulpit of the modern world.
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When in his [Lincoln's] rough and ready way he said, 'You can't fool all the people all the time,' he expressed a great principle, the doctrine of faith in human nature.
----------------------------------------------------------
His [Jesus Christ] joyous optimism is like water to feverish lips, and has for its highest expression the eight beatitudes.
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St. Paul, too, taught the faith which looks beyond the hardest things into the infinite horizon of heaven, when all limitations are lost in the light of perfect understanding.
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Jesus utters and Paul proclaims a message of peace and a message of reason, a belief in the Idea, not in things, in love, not in conquest. The optimist is he who sees that men's actions are directed not by squadrons and armies, but by moral power, that the conquests of Alexander and Napoleon are less abiding than Newton's and Galileo's and St. Augustine's silent mastery of the world.
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Although there are still great evils which have not been subdued, and the optimist is not blind to them, yet he is full of hope.
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I believe we should so act that we ma draw nearer and more near the age when no man shall live at his ease while another suffers.
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Optimism is the harmony between man's spirit and the spirit of God pronouncing His works good.
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